Objectives
To determine the prevalence and severity of depression and pain in individuals awaiting specialist orthopaedic consultation. Secondarily, to determine the relationship between pain and depression.
Methods
Cross-sectional analysis of individuals awaiting orthopaedic consultation at a public hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Relevant data were extracted from medical records and questionnaires. Descriptive statistics were used to summarise participant characteristics. Multiple linear regression analyses were used to establish the relationship between pain and depression.
Results
Participants: 986 adults (54.1 ± 15.7 years, 53.2% women) participated in the study. Osteoarthritis (OA) was present in 56% of the population. 34% of the entire population had moderate depression or greater, 19% of which met the criteria for major depressive disorder. Moderate-to-severe pain was present in 79% of individuals with OA and 55% of individuals with other musculoskeletal complaints. Pain was significantly associated with depression scores (β = 0.84, adjusted R2 = 0.13, P <0.001). This relationship remained significant after accounting for gender, age, education and employment status, OA status, number of joints affected and waiting time (β = 0.91, adjusted R2 = 0.19, P <0.001).
Conclusions
Depression affects one-third of individuals on an orthopaedic waitlist. A strong link between pain and depression in patients awaiting specialist orthopaedic consultation exists, indicating a need for an integrated approach in addressing pain management and depression to manage this complex and comorbid presentation.