Recent advances in bone research have identified a possible causal link between low bone density and dementia. Similarly, poor kidney function has been associated with an increased risk of dementia. Given the established relationship between chronic kidney disease (CKD) and poor bone health, we sought to investigate the prevalence of dementia in patients with CKD, osteoporosis and both CKD and osteoporosis. We hypothesised that the odds of dementia would be greatest in patients with both CKD and osteoporosis. A retrospective cohort study was conducted using de-identified data from a regional health district in News South Wales, Australia. Data included hospital admissions for adults, 18 years and older, who presented to a local hospital or pathology service between 2008 and 2017. Presence of CKD was confirmed using serum estimated glomerular filtration rate in accordance with the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes classification. Presence of osteoporosis and dementia was confirmed in accordance with the 10th edition of the Australian modification of the international classification of diseases. There was a 110% increase to the odds of developing dementia for those with CKD alone, (OR = 2.10; 95% CI = 1.98-2.21), a 59% decrease to the odds for those with osteoporosis alone (OR = 0.59, 95% CI 0.51-0.69), and a 20% increase to the odds for those with CKD and osteoporosis (OR = 1.20, 95% CI 1.11-1.3). Interestingly, comorbid osteoporosis lowered the odds of developing dementia in patients with CKD compared to patients with CKD alone. There may be a protective effect of osteoporosis medications on dementia development in patients with CKD. Medication data was not available for this study; as such, it was unknown if patients with osteoporosis were receiving treatment. More research is needed to delineate the effect of untreated and treated osteoporosis on dementia risk in CKD patients.